Understanding Amos’s Prophetic Pattern The phrase “for three transgressions … and for four” in the book of Amos is a Hebrew poetic device, not a literal count. In Amos 1–2, God speaks against several nations — beginning with Israel’s neighbours and circling inward until His focus rests on Judah and then Israel itself. Each pronouncement begins with the same formula: “For three transgressions of [nation], and for four, I will not turn away its punishment.” This “three… and four” pattern is an idiom in ancient Hebrew parallelism. It does not mean “three sins, then one more.” Instead, it heightens the emphasis: the measure of wrongdoing is full, even overflowing. It’s as if God is saying, “You have already reached the limit — and then gone beyond it.” The style appears elsewhere in Scripture, such as Proverbs 30: “For three things… yes, for four…” , which lists examples to build tension and gravity. In Amos, it underscores the completeness of guilt and the inevitability of the ...